Wall construction



June 7 1927 R. G. WALLACE WALL CONSTRUCTION 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet l FildCbt; 14

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' 1,6 1, 5 June 7, 1927. R. G. WALLACE 3 6 '9 WALL CONSTRUCTION FiledOct'. 14. 1925 2 Shee'bS-Shee: 2

INVENTOR YT] Patented June 7, 1927.

UMTED s-TArli-is OFFLCE.

ROBERT G. WALLACE, xor `BEN Avon, rENNsYLVeNI A, AssIGNoR NATIONAL manraoonrne COMPANY, or rirrsnnnen,IrENNsyLvANIm A1 "eonrom'rron' 'oFPENNSYLVANA.

WALL consmnncrlon. f

Application filed. October 14, 1924. Serial No. 743,539;

The present invention relates to wall Aconstructions and particularly towall yconstructions embodying alternate. courses of main and steppedheader tiles in combination with a facing of blocks, including coursesof header blocks extending into the spaces between the smaller membersof the `header tiles and the lower facesof the main tiles. In walls of.this character as heretofore constructed, the main tileshave embodiedbut a single thickness of wall at ,their inner and outer vertical sides,so .that in case .of the spalling ofif of one of said walls of the mainltiles by fire the whole wall structure would be liable Ato fall, and atany rate wouldy be beyond repair and would. have to `be torn down. Animportant rfeature of Athe present invention is. the provision 1n a wallconstruction ofxthis type ,of main tiles f embodying .cellular inner andouter side walls, each cellular side wall beingcomposed of two .parallelvertical webs spaced apart by transverse conn-ectingwebs, and steppedheadertiles having spaced vertical webs-.in

vvertical alignment with the vertical webs` WVith this i of the sides ofthe main'tiles. construction, incase of fire .the web neXt .thefireofeach inain tile and lof each :header .tilemay splall off without'seriouslyendangerying th-e`stability of 4the wall structure becauseyeach Vmain and header tile willy `still `have remainingiasingle'fverticallweb atthe sidethereof nearest the/fire which will pre-Y vent thewall from falling. Furthermre,

. .ture ,more stable.

the .wall 'can later be repaired by simply plastering over thesingle-web;

. This cell and outer side walls of .the maintiles provides widerbedsfor themortar joints when the main tiles kare laid with their cellseX- l i tending verticallyand the mortar can flow, -into the cells and,become keyed tothe-main tiles. This alsoitends tomake the wall structarjoints -betweentthe lower faces fofj the header tiles and the upper maintiles can be made discontinuous, thereby rendering; the wall structurepracticallyv Figure lar constructions of ',the inner- By yreason gof-lthe cellu- Y lar construction of tthe inner and outerside wallsofthemainptiles, the horizontal morend faces of the vention, the facingblocks beingy shown 1n elevation and the main-tiles being shown vpartlylin elevation and partly in section andthe main tiles. being laid onend;

Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1, the main tiles, however, beinglaid on the side and all ofthe tiles being shown in section;

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure l, 4.but showing the main tiles' ofsmaller size and a vslightly modified formf of header tiles forcooperation therewith;

Figure 4:is a view looking at the inner face of ,a wall constructed asshown either in Figure '1 or Figure 3 before the inner .coatingofplaster is applied, and

Figure 5 is an isometric View of one Of Athe main tiles.y

Ar'wallf'constructed in accordance with my invention consists ofalternate courses of .main `tiles A, .steppedheader tiles B and incombination therewith a facing consistingof blocks. C and D, the blocksD form- -ing header courses which'extend ,intoy the spaces betwee'nthelower faces of the main ',.walls, each of said side walls embodyingparallel lvertical webs ,2 and y3 .spaced apart by transverseconnectingwebs 4. The cellular side walls of thetile` are connected by`transversewebs 5 and y6 adjacent the ends of? the lcellular walls andby lany y*desired number ofnintermediatetransverse webs. 7. When a main,tile isflaid with its .cells extending horizontally, asjshown in Figure2, Ythe transversev webs 5, j6 and v7 extend horizontally. rl`he.cellular Yside Iwalls extend a slightdistance above lthe web' 5 andsaid ,web ,may beprovided with a rib 8 the upper lsurface of vwhich liesin substantially ,the saine horizontal 'plane as .the projecting en ,dlsof ithefvcellulalr side wallsof ythe tile. Eachmain tile, inthe.largersizes, may have `a webl 9 intermediate: the cellularside wallsand. parallel therewith and 'intersectingv the @transverse websf5`,'61and `7 The rib 8 ylies 'directlyl over this web. steppedtilesmaybe-provided with grooves .x10 instheir outer faces so lasfz toc'auseav betteradherence*of thefplasterand mortar to 1 is latransversevertical sectionalilgthe v*faces ofthetiles. 'It will be seenthat They main and the intervening space is free of mortar. The

each main tile, as viewed in Figure 5, is of uniform rectangular crosssection througlr out its height and has its top and bottom faces inplanes at right angles to the side faces of the tile, the tile being ineffect in the form of a right parallelepipedon; Furthermore, the spacingbetween the vertical webs 2 and 3 of each cellular side wall isrelatively small as compared with the spacing between the cellular sidewalls them selves. v

Each stepped tile comprises two members 11 and 12, the member 12exceeding the member 11 in l'ieight and the tile being provided with acontinuous bottom slab 13 common to the two members.

In the construction shown in Figure 1 the main tiles are laid with theircells extending vertically. It will be seen that each stepped tile hasspaced vertical webs 14, 15, 16 and 17 which are in vertical alignmentwith the vertical webs 2 and 3 of the cellular inner and outer sidewalls of the main tiles. Each stepped tile also has a vertical web 1S invertical alignment with the intermediate vertical web 9 of the subjacentmain tile. Mortar oints 19 are provided between the lower face of eachstepped tile and the upper ends of the cellular side walls of thesubjacent main tile. A mortar joint 20 may also be provided between thelower face of each stepped tile and the upper end of the web 9 of eachsubjacent main tile. The mortar beds 19 and 20 are discontinuous so thatthey do not form a through mortar joint between the lower face of astepped tile and the upper end of the subjacent main tile or tiles.

The blocks C are spaced from the adjacent faces of the main and headertiles and blocks D of the header courses extend into the spaces betweenthe smaller members 11` provided between the upper faces of the p largermembers 12 of the header tiles and the lower faces of lthe main tiles.The mortar joints 227 23 and 24. are discontinuous. It

will be seen that the mortar at the joints 19,

22 and 23 flows into the cells between the vertical webs 2v and 3 of themain tiles and is thereby keyed to the main tiles. It will also be'seenthat the mortar at the joints 19, 20, 22 and 23 and at the joints 25between the lower faces of the header blocks D and the upper faces ofthe smaller members 11 of the header tiles flows into the grooves 10 ofthe header tiles and is thus keyed thereto.

This keying of the mortar to the main and header tiles adds to thestability of the structure.

. The construction shown in Figure 2 differs from that shown in Figure 1mainly in that the main tiles are laid with their cells ex,- tendinghorizontally. In this construction ymortar joints 26 are providedbetween the upper ends of the cellular side walls of the main tiles andthe lower faces of the stepped tiles. Mortar joints 27 are also providedbetween the ribs 8 of the main tiles and, the klower faces of thestepped tiles. The mortar joints 26 and 27 are discontinuous and sincethe horizontal webs 5 of the main tiles are slightly below the upperends of the cellular side walls and the upper surfaces ofthe ribs 3,horizontal channels 28 are formed between the upper ends of the sidewalls and the ribs 8 for receiving any moisture which may pass themortar joints 26. Mor tar j oints 29 are provided between the upperfaces of the members 12 of the header tiles and the lower faces of themain tiles, land mortar joints 30 are provided between the upper facesof the header blocks D and the lower faces of the main tiles. The mortarjoints 29 and 30, however, are discontinuous since the header blocksterminate short of the vertical webs 1S of the header tiles. It will benoted that when the main tiles are laid with their cells extendinghorizontally the-vertical webs 14, 15, 16 and 17 of the header tiles arein vertical alignment with the vertical webs 2 and 3 of the main tilesthe same as is the case when the main tiles are laid with their cellsextending vertically;

The construction shown in Figure 3 differs from that shown in Figure 1only inv that the main tiles are of smaller dimensions horizontally andthe header tiles B are correspondingly Vmodified in dimensions. How-`ever the vertical webs of the header tiles in this modified constructionare. in vertical alignment with the vertical webs 2 and 3 of the maintiles.

In laying a wall of this character it will be understood that the mainand header tiles will be laid so as to break mortar joints as isillustrated in Figure 4.

Vhile I have illustrated and described the lpreferred embodiment of myinvention itv will be understood that the invention is not limited tothe exact details of construction shown, but't'hat changes may be madetherein within the scope of the appended claims without departing fromthe spirit of the invention.

I claim: Y A

1. A composite wall comprising a brick facing on the outer face thereof,formed of a plurality yof Stretchery courses between spaced headercourses, and a backing formed of alternate courses of hollow main andheader tiles, the header tiles having recesses into which the innerportions of the header bricks of the facing extend, there being a web ineach tile in close proximity to and parallel with the outer wall of eachtile, at the inner face of the wall structure and sufficiently close tosaid outer walls of the tiles and the inner plane of the wall, that ifthe outer walls of some of the tiles spall off, t-he load bearingportions of the tiles from the webs of the said spalled tiles to thefaces of the tiles adjacent to the brick facing will be of sucientstrength to support the load for which the wall was designed.

2. A composite wall comprising a brick facing on the outer face thereof,formed of a plurality of stretcher courses between spaced headercourses, and a backing formed of alternate courses of hollow main andheader tiles, the header tiles having recesses into which the innerportions of the header bricks of the facing extend, the bricks of thestretcher courses being spaced from the backing tiles to form an airspace between said bricks and the tiles between the header courses,there being a web in each tile in close proximity to and lparallel withthe outer wall of each tile, at the inner face of the wall structure andsufficiently close to said outer walls of the tiles and the in ner planeof the wall, that if the outer walls of some of the tiles spall olf, theload bear ing portions of the tiles from the webs of said spalled tilesto the faces of the tiles adjacent to the brick facing will be ofsufcient strength to support the load for which the wall was designed.

3. A composite wall comprising a brick facing on the outer face thereof,formed of a plurality of stretcher courses between spaced headercourses, and a backing formed of alternate courses of hollow main andheader tiles, the header tiles having recesses into which the innerportions of the header bricks of the facing extend, the bricks of thestretcher courses being spaced from the backing tiles to form an airspace between said bricks and the tiles between header courses, therebeing a web in each tile in close proximity to and parallel with theouter wall of each tile, yat the inner face of the wall structure andsufficiently close to said outer walls of the tiles and the inner planeof the wall, and a similar web adjacent to opposite walls of each tilethat if the said walls 0f some of the tiles spall olf, the load bear fing portions of the tiles from the webs to webs of said spalled tileswill be of sufficient strength to ysupport the load for which the wallwas designed.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

ROBERT G. 'WALLACE

